In contrast to the Hayekian stress on "Spontaneous order," "Evolved rules," and the "Unintended consequences of human action," Mises was a strict rationalist, emphasizing the necessity of the public rationally grasping the benefits brought about by a free-market economy, along with the dangers and destructiveness of state interventionism.
During his speech at the commemoration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of Human Action, Robert Murphy took time to discuss Mises's account of the philosophy which lays the foundation for praxeology in his view.
The starting axiom of praxeology is "Man acts." Such action is distinct from mere behavior.
In his seminal work Human Action, Mises correctly establishes the universality of the law of cause and effect and correctly identifies it as a precondition of action.
The difference is that Murphy and Hoppe don't rule out the possibility of man having volition, and Hoppe denies the possibility of any scientific advance being able to "Alter the fact that one must regard one's knowledge and actions as uncaused." Following Mises, he says that, from the perspective of a god or any other superhuman intelligence, human behavior could be completely predictable and known in advance, but to us as humans, it is unavoidable to posit the existence of actions directed by a mind when observing ours and other humans' behavior.
Mises did say that the action axiom is an "Ultimate given," but he also stated, "The progress of scientific research may succeed in demonstrating that something previously considered as an ultimate given can be reduced to components"-which is precisely the position that the concept of human action occupies under determinism.
With these insights, the action axiom and the rest of praxeology with it can be grounded in metaphysical reality and not just as a subjective category of our minds ready to be explained away via scientific progress.
https://mises.org/mises-wire/human-ignorance-unstable-basis-liberty-and-praxeology
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