Most "Mexican cartels" these days operate across countries, from the U.S. to Argentina and western Africa, organize themselves as horizontal structures and not as cartels, and engage in more criminal activities than drug-trafficking.
These labor conditions, combined with the massive operation of militias engaged in criminal extraction and smuggling, generate permanent institutional instability not just in the DRC but across trafficking routes in Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda.
Reductionist local solutions only displace the criminal networks to other regions.
Public attorneys, judicial investigators, judges, and journalists not only lack the sophisticated tools but also the institutional arrangements to track and confront these criminal enterprises.
Countries vulnerable to criminal networks need urgent upgrades to their jurisprudence, normative, and procedural frameworks.
Developing jurisprudence related to aggravated conspiracy, as Colombia has, is especially vital in countries where criminal networks have penetrated all state branches.
It is critical to train investigators, public attorneys, and local judges in methodologies and tools for understanding complex criminal networks, so that they find ways to substantiate the subtle interactions between corporate, financial, and political elites-interactions that are often legal, yet established with the sole purpose of favoring criminal interests.
https://www.city-journal.org/global-criminal-networks
These labor conditions, combined with the massive operation of militias engaged in criminal extraction and smuggling, generate permanent institutional instability not just in the DRC but across trafficking routes in Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda.
Reductionist local solutions only displace the criminal networks to other regions.
Public attorneys, judicial investigators, judges, and journalists not only lack the sophisticated tools but also the institutional arrangements to track and confront these criminal enterprises.
Countries vulnerable to criminal networks need urgent upgrades to their jurisprudence, normative, and procedural frameworks.
Developing jurisprudence related to aggravated conspiracy, as Colombia has, is especially vital in countries where criminal networks have penetrated all state branches.
It is critical to train investigators, public attorneys, and local judges in methodologies and tools for understanding complex criminal networks, so that they find ways to substantiate the subtle interactions between corporate, financial, and political elites-interactions that are often legal, yet established with the sole purpose of favoring criminal interests.
https://www.city-journal.org/global-criminal-networks
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