The Islamic Republic of Iran has an extensive and complex intelligence apparatus.
Its two most important intelligence institutions are the Ministry of Intelligence and the intelligence arm of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
A third key intelligence organization is the IRGC's Intelligence Protection Organization, which operates independently of the Corps's intelligence arm and deals in counterintelligence.
While Iran's intelligence organizations are well equipped and have achieved important successes, the country's intelligence apparatus is deficient with respect to counterintelligence, or "Intelligence protection" as the regime has renamed it.
While the agreement ostensibly aims to increase collaboration between the countries in the field of cyber security, the Tasnim News Agency, which has strong links to the IRGC, said, "The head of Iran's Civil Defense Organizationunveiled plans for joint cooperation focusing on the exchange of intelligence, interaction against threats, and joint defense." The Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated in a press release that Iran and Russia had signed an "Information Security Cooperation Pact" and that one of the objectives of the pact is the "Strengthening [of] information security."
While information security and cyber security are the agreement's main objectives, scholars of intelligence studies are well aware of the close connection between information security and counterintelligence.
Cyber intelligence is considered by many intelligence organizations to be a counterintelligence issue.
https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/russia-iran-intelligence-pact/
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