Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require long-lived immunity to
SARS-CoV-2. Here, we evaluate 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally up to
8 months and find durable broad-based immune responses. SARS-CoV-2
spike binding and neutralizing antibodies exhibit a bi-phasic decay with
an extended half-life of >200 days suggesting the generation of
longer-lived plasma cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection also boosts antibody
titers to SARS-CoV-1 and common betacoronaviruses. In addition,
spike-specific IgG+ memory B cells persist, which bodes well for a rapid
antibody response upon virus re-exposure or vaccination. Virus-specific
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are polyfunctional and maintained with an
estimated half-life of 200 days. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell responses
equally target several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, whereas the CD8+ T cell
responses preferentially target the nucleoprotein, highlighting the
potential importance of including the nucleoprotein in future vaccines.
Taken together, these results suggest that broad and effective immunity
may persist long-term in recovered COVID-19 patients.
It's becoming increasingly difficult to discern fact from fiction, and unfortunately the media has a strong bias. They spin stories to make conservatives look bad and will go to great lengths to avoid reporting on the good that comes from conservative policies. There are a few shining lights in the media landscape-brave conservative outlets that report the truth and offer a different perspective. We must support conservative outlets like this one and ensure that our voices are heard.
Tuesday, August 3, 2021
Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells
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