Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require long-lived immunity to
SARS-CoV-2. Here, we evaluate 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally up to
8 months and find durable broad-based immune responses. SARS-CoV-2
spike binding and neutralizing antibodies exhibit a bi-phasic decay with
an extended half-life of >200 days suggesting the generation of
longer-lived plasma cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection also boosts antibody
titers to SARS-CoV-1 and common betacoronaviruses. In addition,
spike-specific IgG+ memory B cells persist, which bodes well for a rapid
antibody response upon virus re-exposure or vaccination. Virus-specific
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are polyfunctional and maintained with an
estimated half-life of 200 days. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell responses
equally target several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, whereas the CD8+ T cell
responses preferentially target the nucleoprotein, highlighting the
potential importance of including the nucleoprotein in future vaccines.
Taken together, these results suggest that broad and effective immunity
may persist long-term in recovered COVID-19 patients.
It's becoming increasingly difficult to discern fact from fiction, and unfortunately the media has a strong bias. They spin stories to make conservatives look bad and will go to great lengths to avoid reporting on the good that comes from conservative policies. There are a few shining lights in the media landscape-brave conservative outlets that report the truth and offer a different perspective. We must support conservative outlets like this one and ensure that our voices are heard.
No comments:
Post a Comment